Diabetic Kidney Disease - Revisiting the Background with the Special Indication on Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) across the world. DKD, the most prevalent microvascular consequence of diabetes, is a difficult clinical condition to diagnose and manage, making it a thorny clinical problem to deal with. Intensive glucose management in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKD) may be able to reduce but not completely halt disease development. Reviewing the great breakthroughs that have occurred in the area will help we better understand the pathophysiology of DKD as well as the state of translational research in DKD in this new era of discovery. During this review, we will examine the latest developments in our knowledge of the local microenvironmental alterations that occur in diabetic kidneys, as well as the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DKD.