Characterization of Bacteria Causes Periapical Abscess in Children and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Nilphamari District, Bangladesh
Abstract
A periapical abscess is a pus-filled accumulation near the root of a tooth that is generally caused by an infection that has migrated from the tooth to the surrounding tissues. The goal of this research was to investigate the spread of pathogens in dental pus samples from children, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A total of 60 pus samples were obtained from people of various ages (5-15) and sexes and processed on a variety of bacterial media, including Nutrition agar, MacConkey agar, Tryptic soy agar, Blood agar, Cetrimide agar, Mitis salivary agar, MRS agar and Mannitol salt agar. Entire 70 bacterial isolates were isolated from dental pus samples of school-going children. Gram-positive organisms were found in 74.29% of the total isolates, while gram-negative organisms were 25.71%. Out of 70 bacterial isolates found Lactobacillus spp (40%) followed by Staphylococcus spp (21.42%), Streptococcus spp (12.85%), Chryseobcterium arthrospherae (14.28%) followed by Klebsiella spp (7.14%), and Pseudomonas spp (4.28%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing of several bacterial species was carried out on Muller Hinton Agar using commercial antibiotic discs according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Compared to gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms exhibited greater resistance to these drugs. The gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol and Levofloxacin (100%) followed by Gentamycin (80%), Neomycin and Colistin (70%) and were resistant to Penicillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin (100%), followed by Vancomycin (90%), Cephalexin (80%). The gram-positive isolates were highly sensitive to Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Gentamycin (100%), Novobiocin, Kanamycin, and Tobramycin (80%) and were resistant to Cephalexin, Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin and Ampicillin (100%), Colistin and Norfloxacin (60%) respectively. DNA extraction and amplification of the 16S rRNA gene were performed on pus samples isolated by a culture of Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain_CC-VM-7 and followed by sequencing and found 1363 bp with 88% homology. The result of our study was not significant at (p<0.05) where the P-value is 0.165, in the case of the age group and the result was significant at p<0.05 in the case of sex and economic status where the P-value was 0.028 and 0.024. Instead of taking antibiotics, regular usage of toothpaste when brush and avoid fast food, chocolates, ice-cream, etc which may be useful for preventing periapical abscess.
